Flash droughts have become more frequent because of human-caused climate change and this trend is predicted to accelerate as temperatures continue to rise, according to research.
Scientists at the University of Southampton found that droughts which develop rapidly are becoming “the new normal”, making forecasting and preparations more difficult.
The research published in the journal Science says that flash droughts can develop into severe droughts within a few weeks and are caused by low precipitation and high evapotranspiration, which quickly depletes the soil of water.
The multinational group of scientists found that while the droughts start quickly, they can last for months, damaging vegetation and ecosystems, and triggering heat waves and wildfires.
“While it varies between different regions, there has been a global shift towards more frequent flash droughts during the past 64 years.”
The study has found that the transition to flash droughts is most notable over east and north Asia, Europe, the Sahara, and the west coast of South America, although no sign of the change was seen in the Amazon or West Africa.
Prof Sheffield added: “As we head towards a warmer future, flash droughts are becoming the new normal. Our models show that higher-emission scenarios would lead to a greater risk of flash droughts with quicker onset which pose a major challenge for climate adaptation.”
He said the transition to flash droughts might have irreversible impacts on ecosystems as they might not have enough time to adapt to a sudden lack of water and extreme heat.
The researchers say new approaches are needed to provide early warnings of flash droughts, as well as a better understanding of how natural ecosystems and humans will be impacted.
